Benjamin Pavard s VAR-assisted goal proved decisive as Bayern Munich beat Tigres UANL 1-0 to clinch their second FIFA Club World Cup title.
Without the influential Thomas Muller and Jerome Boateng, Bayern laboured for much of Thursday s final in Qatar, with their usual efficiency in front of goal absent.
A harsh offside decision from the VAR denied Joshua Kimmich a first-half opener, but the technology came to Bayern s aid in the 59th minute when it instructed referee Esteban Ostojich to overturn the decision to disallow Pavard s goal for a Robert Lewandowski offside.
The first North American team to reach the Club World Cup final, Tigres had a hopeful penalty appeal dismissed shortly after Pavard s effort, but they failed to test Manuel Neuer as Bayern completed a clean sweep of six trophies over the course of the last 12 months.
Kingsley Coman s winner in last season s Champions League final ultimately booked Bayern s spot at this tournament, but the winger flapped at an early chance following a bright start from Tigres.
Kimmich thought he had put Bayern ahead with a thumping effort in the 18th minute, only for the goal to be disallowed for Lewandowski having been offside, despite hardly interfering with play.
Tigres were caught cold by a short corner after the half hour, with Leroy Sane s strike crashing against the angle of the post and crossbar.
Yet the pressure finally told just before the hour. Lewandowski beat the Tigres offside trap and went in for a header which Nahuel Guzman parried straight to Pavard.
His finish was initially disallowed, but VAR said the decision should be overturned.
Pavard almost turned from hero to villain minutes later when he blocked Luis Quinones cross and it rebounded back onto his arm, but the officials fairly judged it was ball-to-hand.
Tigres pushed for an equaliser but only managed to come close to conceding again – Corentin Tolisso having an effort tipped onto the post before Guzman made a fine save to deny Douglas Costa and Kimmich, as Bayern wrapped up the trophy they previously lifted in 2013.
